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<H1 class="no-header">curs_trace 3x</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG> <STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG>, <STRONG>trace</STRONG>, <STRONG>_tracef</STRONG>, <STRONG>_traceattr</STRONG>, <STRONG>_traceattr2</STRONG>, <STRONG>_tracecchar_t</STRONG>,
<STRONG>_tracecchar_t2</STRONG>, <STRONG>_tracechar</STRONG>, <STRONG>_tracechtype</STRONG>, <STRONG>_tracechtype2</STRONG>, <STRONG>_nc_tracebits</STRONG>,
<STRONG>_tracedump</STRONG>, <STRONG>_tracemouse</STRONG> - <STRONG>curses</STRONG> debugging routines
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
<STRONG>unsigned</STRONG> <STRONG>curses_trace(const</STRONG> <STRONG>unsigned</STRONG> <EM>param</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>_tracef(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>format</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_traceattr(attr_t</STRONG> <EM>attr</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_traceattr2(int</STRONG> <EM>buffer</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_tracecchar_t(const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>string</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_tracecchar_t2(int</STRONG> <EM>buffer</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>string</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_tracechar(int</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_tracechtype(chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_tracechtype2(int</STRONG> <EM>buffer</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>chtype</STRONG> <EM>ch</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>_tracedump(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>label</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_nc_tracebits(void);</STRONG>
<STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*_tracemouse(const</STRONG> <STRONG>MEVENT</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>event</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
/* deprecated */
<STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>trace(const</STRONG> <STRONG>unsigned</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>param</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
The <EM>curses</EM> <EM>trace</EM> routines are used for debugging the ncurses libraries,
as well as applications which use the ncurses libraries. Some limita-
tions apply:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Aside from <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG>, the other functions are normally available
only with the debugging library e.g., <EM>libncurses</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>g.a</EM>.
All of the trace functions may be compiled into any model (shared,
static, profile) by defining the symbol <STRONG>TRACE</STRONG>.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> Additionally, the functions which use <STRONG>cchar_t</STRONG> are only available
with the wide-character configuration of the libraries.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Functions">Functions</a></H3><PRE>
The principal parts of this interface are
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG>, which selectively enables different tracing features,
and
<STRONG>o</STRONG> <STRONG>_tracef</STRONG>, which writes formatted data to the <EM>trace</EM> file.
The other functions either return a pointer to a string-area (allo-
cated by the corresponding function), or return no value (such as
<STRONG>_tracedump</STRONG>, which implements the screen dump for <STRONG>TRACE_UPDATE</STRONG>).
The caller should not free these strings, since the allocation is
reused on successive calls. To work around the problem of a single
string-area per function, some use a buffer-number parameter,
telling the library to allocate additional string-areas.
The <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> function is always available, whether or not the other
trace functions are available:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If tracing is available, calling <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> with a nonzero param-
eter updates the trace mask, and returns the previous trace mask.
When the trace mask is nonzero, ncurses creates the file "trace" in
the current directory for output. If the file already exists, no
tracing is done.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> If tracing is not available, <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> returns zero (0).
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Trace-Parameter">Trace Parameter</a></H3><PRE>
The trace parameter is formed by OR'ing values from the list of
<STRONG>TRACE_</STRONG><EM>xxx</EM> definitions in <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>. These include:
<STRONG>TRACE_DISABLE</STRONG>
turn off tracing by passing a zero parameter.
The library flushes the output file, but retains an open file-de-
scriptor to the trace file so that it can resume tracing later if
a nonzero parameter is passed to the <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> function.
<STRONG>TRACE_TIMES</STRONG>
trace user and system times of updates.
<STRONG>TRACE_TPUTS</STRONG>
trace <STRONG><A HREF="curs_terminfo.3x.html">tputs(3x)</A></STRONG> calls.
<STRONG>TRACE_UPDATE</STRONG>
trace update actions, old & new screens.
<STRONG>TRACE_MOVE</STRONG>
trace cursor movement and scrolling.
<STRONG>TRACE_CHARPUT</STRONG>
trace all character outputs.
<STRONG>TRACE_ORDINARY</STRONG>
trace all update actions. The old and new screen contents are
written to the trace file for each refresh.
<STRONG>TRACE_CALLS</STRONG>
trace all curses calls. The parameters for each call are traced,
as well as return values.
<STRONG>TRACE_VIRTPUT</STRONG>
trace virtual character puts, i.e., calls to <STRONG>addch</STRONG>.
<STRONG>TRACE_IEVENT</STRONG>
trace low-level input processing, including timeouts.
<STRONG>TRACE_BITS</STRONG>
trace state of TTY control bits.
<STRONG>TRACE_ICALLS</STRONG>
trace internal/nested calls.
<STRONG>TRACE_CCALLS</STRONG>
trace per-character calls.
<STRONG>TRACE_DATABASE</STRONG>
trace read/write of terminfo/termcap data.
<STRONG>TRACE_ATTRS</STRONG>
trace changes to video attributes and colors.
<STRONG>TRACE_MAXIMUM</STRONG>
maximum trace level, enables all of the separate trace features.
Some tracing features are enabled whenever the <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> parameter
is nonzero. Some features overlap. The specific names are used as a
guideline.
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></H3><PRE>
These functions check the <STRONG>NCURSES_TRACE</STRONG> environment variable, to set
the tracing feature as if <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> was called:
filter, initscr, new_prescr, newterm, nofilter, restartterm,
ripoffline, setupterm, slk_init, tgetent, use_env,
use_extended_names, use_tioctl
</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Command-line-Utilities">Command-line Utilities</a></H3><PRE>
The command-line utilities such as <STRONG><A HREF="tic.1m.html">tic(1)</A></STRONG> provide a verbose option
which extends the set of messages written using the <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG> func-
tion. Both of these (<STRONG>-v</STRONG> and <STRONG>curses_trace</STRONG>) use the same variable
(<STRONG>_nc_tracing</STRONG>), which determines the messages which are written.
Because the command-line utilities may call initialization functions
such as <STRONG>setupterm</STRONG>, <STRONG>tgetent</STRONG> or <STRONG>use_extended_names</STRONG>, some of their debug-
ging output may be directed to the <EM>trace</EM> file if the <STRONG>NCURSES_TRACE</STRONG> en-
vironment variable is set:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> messages produced in the utility are written to the standard error.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> messages produced by the underlying library are written to <EM>trace</EM>.
If ncurses is built without tracing, none of the latter are produced,
and fewer diagnostics are provided by the command-line utilities.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
Routines which return a value are designed to be used as parameters to
the <STRONG>_tracef</STRONG> routine.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
These functions are not part of the XSI interface. Some other curses
implementations are known to have similar features, but they are not
compatible with ncurses:
<STRONG>o</STRONG> SVr4 provided <STRONG>traceon</STRONG> and <STRONG>traceoff</STRONG>, to control whether debugging
information was written to the "trace" file. While the functions
were always available, this feature was only enabled if <STRONG>DEBUG</STRONG> was
defined when building the library.
The SVr4 tracing feature is undocumented.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> PDCurses provides <STRONG>traceon</STRONG> and <STRONG>traceoff</STRONG>, which (like SVr4) are al-
ways available, and enable tracing to the "trace" file only when a
debug-library is built.
PDCurses has a short description of these functions, with a note
that they are not present in X/Open Curses, ncurses or NetBSD. It
does not mention SVr4, but the functions' inclusion in a header
file section labeled "Quasi-standard" hints at the origin.
<STRONG>o</STRONG> NetBSD does not provide functions for enabling/disabling traces.
It uses environment variables <STRONG>CURSES_TRACE_MASK</STRONG> and <STRONG>CURS-</STRONG>
<STRONG>ES_TRACE_FILE</STRONG> to determine what is traced, and where the results
are written. This is available only when a debug-library is built.
The NetBSD tracing feature is undocumented.
A few ncurses functions are not provided when symbol versioning is
used:
_nc_tracebits, _tracedump, _tracemouse
The original <STRONG>trace</STRONG> routine was deprecated because it often conflicted
with application names.
</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>.
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_trace.3x.html">curs_trace(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-Functions">Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Trace-Parameter">Trace Parameter</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Initialization">Initialization</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-Command-line-Utilities">Command-line Utilities</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
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