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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff;
+
+import org.apache.commons.math3.Field;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.RealFieldElement;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.ode.FieldEquationsMapper;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.ode.FieldODEStateAndDerivative;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathArrays;
+
+
+/**
+ * This class implements the Luther sixth order Runge-Kutta
+ * integrator for Ordinary Differential Equations.
+
+ * <p>
+ * This method is described in H. A. Luther 1968 paper <a
+ * href="http://www.ams.org/journals/mcom/1968-22-102/S0025-5718-68-99876-1/S0025-5718-68-99876-1.pdf">
+ * An explicit Sixth-Order Runge-Kutta Formula</a>.
+ * </p>
+
+ * <p>This method is an explicit Runge-Kutta method, its Butcher-array
+ * is the following one :
+ * <pre>
+ * 0 | 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ * 1 | 1 0 0 0 0 0
+ * 1/2 | 3/8 1/8 0 0 0 0
+ * 2/3 | 8/27 2/27 8/27 0 0 0
+ * (7-q)/14 | ( -21 + 9q)/392 ( -56 + 8q)/392 ( 336 - 48q)/392 ( -63 + 3q)/392 0 0
+ * (7+q)/14 | (-1155 - 255q)/1960 ( -280 - 40q)/1960 ( 0 - 320q)/1960 ( 63 + 363q)/1960 ( 2352 + 392q)/1960 0
+ * 1 | ( 330 + 105q)/180 ( 120 + 0q)/180 ( -200 + 280q)/180 ( 126 - 189q)/180 ( -686 - 126q)/180 ( 490 - 70q)/180
+ * |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * | 1/20 0 16/45 0 49/180 49/180 1/20
+ * </pre>
+ * where q = &radic;21</p>
+ *
+ * @see EulerFieldIntegrator
+ * @see ClassicalRungeKuttaFieldIntegrator
+ * @see GillFieldIntegrator
+ * @see MidpointFieldIntegrator
+ * @see ThreeEighthesFieldIntegrator
+ * @param <T> the type of the field elements
+ * @since 3.6
+ */
+
+public class LutherFieldIntegrator<T extends RealFieldElement<T>>
+ extends RungeKuttaFieldIntegrator<T> {
+
+ /** Simple constructor.
+ * Build a fourth-order Luther integrator with the given step.
+ * @param field field to which the time and state vector elements belong
+ * @param step integration step
+ */
+ public LutherFieldIntegrator(final Field<T> field, final T step) {
+ super(field, "Luther", step);
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ public T[] getC() {
+ final T q = getField().getZero().add(21).sqrt();
+ final T[] c = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), 6);
+ c[0] = getField().getOne();
+ c[1] = fraction(1, 2);
+ c[2] = fraction(2, 3);
+ c[3] = q.subtract(7).divide(-14);
+ c[4] = q.add(7).divide(14);
+ c[5] = getField().getOne();
+ return c;
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ public T[][] getA() {
+ final T q = getField().getZero().add(21).sqrt();
+ final T[][] a = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), 6, -1);
+ for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
+ a[i] = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), i + 1);
+ }
+ a[0][0] = getField().getOne();
+ a[1][0] = fraction(3, 8);
+ a[1][1] = fraction(1, 8);
+ a[2][0] = fraction(8, 27);
+ a[2][1] = fraction(2, 27);
+ a[2][2] = a[2][0];
+ a[3][0] = q.multiply( 9).add( -21).divide( 392);
+ a[3][1] = q.multiply( 8).add( -56).divide( 392);
+ a[3][2] = q.multiply( -48).add( 336).divide( 392);
+ a[3][3] = q.multiply( 3).add( -63).divide( 392);
+ a[4][0] = q.multiply(-255).add(-1155).divide(1960);
+ a[4][1] = q.multiply( -40).add( -280).divide(1960);
+ a[4][2] = q.multiply(-320) .divide(1960);
+ a[4][3] = q.multiply( 363).add( 63).divide(1960);
+ a[4][4] = q.multiply( 392).add( 2352).divide(1960);
+ a[5][0] = q.multiply( 105).add( 330).divide( 180);
+ a[5][1] = fraction(2, 3);
+ a[5][2] = q.multiply( 280).add( -200).divide( 180);
+ a[5][3] = q.multiply(-189).add( 126).divide( 180);
+ a[5][4] = q.multiply(-126).add( -686).divide( 180);
+ a[5][5] = q.multiply( -70).add( 490).divide( 180);
+ return a;
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ public T[] getB() {
+
+ final T[] b = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), 7);
+ b[0] = fraction( 1, 20);
+ b[1] = getField().getZero();
+ b[2] = fraction(16, 45);
+ b[3] = getField().getZero();
+ b[4] = fraction(49, 180);
+ b[5] = b[4];
+ b[6] = b[0];
+
+ return b;
+
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ @Override
+ protected LutherFieldStepInterpolator<T>
+ createInterpolator(final boolean forward, T[][] yDotK,
+ final FieldODEStateAndDerivative<T> globalPreviousState,
+ final FieldODEStateAndDerivative<T> globalCurrentState,
+ final FieldEquationsMapper<T> mapper) {
+ return new LutherFieldStepInterpolator<T>(getField(), forward, yDotK,
+ globalPreviousState, globalCurrentState,
+ globalPreviousState, globalCurrentState,
+ mapper);
+ }
+
+}