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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3.concurrent;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+/**
+ * A specialized {@link ConcurrentInitializer} implementation which is similar
+ * to {@link AtomicInitializer}, but ensures that the {@link #initialize()}
+ * method is called only once.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * As {@link AtomicInitializer} this class is based on atomic variables, so it
+ * can create an object under concurrent access without synchronization.
+ * However, it implements an additional check to guarantee that the
+ * {@link #initialize()} method which actually creates the object cannot be
+ * called multiple times.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Because of this additional check this implementation is slightly less
+ * efficient than {@link AtomicInitializer}, but if the object creation in the
+ * {@code initialize()} method is expensive or if multiple invocations of
+ * {@code initialize()} are problematic, it is the better alternative.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * From its semantics this class has the same properties as
+ * {@link LazyInitializer}. It is a &quot;save&quot; implementation of the lazy
+ * initializer pattern. Comparing both classes in terms of efficiency is
+ * difficult because which one is faster depends on multiple factors. Because
+ * {@link AtomicSafeInitializer} does not use synchronization at all it probably
+ * outruns {@link LazyInitializer}, at least under low or moderate concurrent
+ * access. Developers should run their own benchmarks on the expected target
+ * platform to decide which implementation is suitable for their specific use
+ * case.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @since 3.0
+ * @param <T> the type of the object managed by this initializer class
+ */
+public abstract class AtomicSafeInitializer<T> implements
+ ConcurrentInitializer<T> {
+ /** A guard which ensures that initialize() is called only once. */
+ private final AtomicReference<AtomicSafeInitializer<T>> factory =
+ new AtomicReference<>();
+
+ /** Holds the reference to the managed object. */
+ private final AtomicReference<T> reference = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+ /**
+ * Gets (and initialize, if not initialized yet) the required object
+ *
+ * @return lazily initialized object
+ * @throws ConcurrentException if the initialization of the object causes an
+ * exception
+ */
+ @Override
+ public final T get() throws ConcurrentException {
+ T result;
+
+ while ((result = reference.get()) == null) {
+ if (factory.compareAndSet(null, this)) {
+ reference.set(initialize());
+ }
+ }
+
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates and initializes the object managed by this
+ * {@link AtomicInitializer}. This method is called by {@link #get()} when
+ * the managed object is not available yet. An implementation can focus on
+ * the creation of the object. No synchronization is needed, as this is
+ * already handled by {@code get()}. This method is guaranteed to be called
+ * only once.
+ *
+ * @return the managed data object
+ * @throws ConcurrentException if an error occurs during object creation
+ */
+ protected abstract T initialize() throws ConcurrentException;
+}